Copper zinc tin sulfide-based thin film solar cells / edited by Kentaro Ito.

12.3 Preparation of CZTS Thin Films by Sol-Gel Sulfurization Method.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Part I Introduction; Chapter 1 An Overview of CZTS-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Photovoltaic Effect; 1.3 In Pursuit of an Optimal Semiconductor for Photovoltaics; 1.4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 2 Market Challenges for CZTS-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Compound Thin-Film Technologies and Manufacturing; 2.3 Challenges for CZTS Solar Cells in the Market; 2.4 Conclusion; References; Part II The Physics and Chemistry of Quaternary Chalcogenide Semiconductors.

Chapter 3 Crystallographic Aspects of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)3.1 Introduction: What Defines a Crystal Structure?; 3.2 The Crystal Structure of CZTS; 3.3 Point Defects in CZTS and the Role of Stoichiometry; 3.4 Differentiation between Intergrown Kesterite- and Stannite-Type Phases: A Simulational Approach; 3.5 Summary; References; Chapter 4 Electronic Structure and Optical Properties from First-Principles Modeling; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Computational Background; 4.3 Crystal Structure; 4.4 Electronic Structure; 4.5 Optical Properties; 4.6 Summary; Acknowledgements; References.

Chapter 5 Kesterites: Equilibria and Secondary Phase Identification5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Chemistry of the Kesterite Reaction; 5.3 Phase Identification; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 6 Growth of CZTS Single Crystals; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Growth Process; 6.3 Properties of CZTS Single Crystals; 6.4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 7 Physical Properties: Compiled Experimental Data; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Structural Properties; 7.3 Thermal Properties; 7.4 Mechanical and Lattice Dynamic Properties; 7.5 Electronic Energy-Band Structure; 7.6 Optical Properties.

7.7 Carrier Transport PropertiesReferences; Part III Synthesis of Thin Films and Their Application to Solar Cells; Chapter 8 Sulfurization of Physical Vapor-Deposited Precursor Layers; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 First CZTS Thin-Film Solar Cells; 8.3 ZnS as Zn-Source in Precursor; 8.4 Influence of Absorber Thickness; 8.5 New Sulfurization System; 8.6 Influence of Morphology; 8.7 Co-Sputtering System with Annealing Chamber; 8.8 Active Composition; 8.9 CZTS Compound Target; 8.10 Conclusions; References; Chapter 9 Reactive Sputtering of CZTS; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 The Reactive Sputtering Process.

9.3 Properties of Sputtered Precursors9.4 Annealing of Sputtered Precursors; 9.5 Device Performance; 9.6 Summary; References; Chapter 10 Coevaporation of CZTS Films and Solar Cells; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Basic Principles; 10.3 Process Variations; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 11 Synthesis of CZTSSe Thin Films from Nanocrystal Inks; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Nanocrystal Synthesis; 11.3 Nanocrystal Characterization; 11.4 Sintering; 11.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 12 CZTS Thin Films Prepared by a Non-Vacuum Process; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Sol-Gel Sulfurization Method.

Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxic.

Print version record.