TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hendrikse,Jeanet
AU  - Grutters,Michiel
AU  - Schafer,Frank
TI  - Identifying ignitable liquids in fire debris: a guideline for forensic experts 
SN  - 9780128043875
AV  - TP361 
U1  - 621.4021 23
PY  - 2016///]
CY  - London
PB  - Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier
KW  - Flammable liquids
KW  - Identification
KW  - Fire investigation
KW  - Forensic sciences
KW  - TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical
KW  - bisacsh
KW  - fast
KW  - Electronic books
KW  - Guidebooks
N1  - Includes bibliographical references; Front Cover; Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris; Copyright Page; Contents; Acknowledgments; Preface; Biographies; Introduction; 1 Ignitable Liquid Products; 2 ASTM E1618; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 ASTM E1618 Classification Scheme; 2.3 ASTM E1618 Minimum Identification Criteria; 2.4 ASTM E1618 Versus Guideline; 3 General Production Processes of Ignitable Liquid Products; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Crude Oil Fuels; 3.2.1 Petroleum Refinery; 3.2.2 Primary Petroleum Distillates; 3.2.2.1 Naphtha; 3.2.2.2 Kerosene; 3.2.2.3 Gasoil; 3.2.3 Gasoline; 3.3 Noncrude Oil Fuels; 3.3.1 XTL-Fuel; 3.3.1.1 Coal-To-Liquid3.3.1.2 Gas-To-Liquid; 3.3.1.3 Biomass-To-Liquid; 3.3.2 Biomass-Based Fuels; 3.3.2.1 First Generation Biofuels [13]; 3.3.2.2 Second Generation Biofuels [13]; 3.3.2.3 Third Generation Biofuels [13]; 4 Fire Debris Analysis Methods; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Extraction Methods; 4.3 Influences on Recovery of Ignitable Liquid Compositions; 4.3.1 Effect of Headspace Temperature; 4.3.2 Effect of Sampling Time/Volume; 4.3.3 Effect of Ignitable Liquid Concentration; 5 Interferences in Identification of Ignitable Liquid Products; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Substrate Background Products5.3 Pyrolysis and Combustion Products; 6 Guidance for Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Gasoline; 6.2.1 Introduction; 6.2.2 Overall Composition of Gasoline; 6.2.2.1 Alkane Composition; 6.2.2.2 Aromatic Composition; 6.2.2.3 Oxygenates Composition; 6.2.3 Presence of Particular Refinery Products; 6.2.4 Effects that Alter the Composition of Gasoline; 6.2.4.1 Partial Evaporation; 6.2.4.2 Microbial Degradation; 6.2.4.3 Matrix/Pyrolysis Interference; 6.2.5 Composition of Gasoline Compared to Aromatic Products; 6.2.6 Composition of Gasoline Compared to Alkylate Gasoline6.2.7 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Gasoline; 6.3 Petroleum Distillates; 6.3.1 Introduction; 6.3.2 Light Petroleum Distillates; 6.3.2.1 Introduction; 6.3.2.2 Overall Composition of LPD; 6.3.2.3 Effects that Alter the Composition of LPD; 6.3.2.3.1 Partial Evaporation; 6.3.2.3.2 Microbial Degradation; 6.3.2.4 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of LPD; 6.3.3 Medium Petroleum Distillates; 6.3.3.1 Introduction; 6.3.3.2 Overall Composition of MPD; 6.3.3.3 Composition of Conventional MPD Compared to De-Aromatized MPD6.3.3.4 Composition of Conventional MPD Compared to Dewaxed MPD; 6.3.3.5 Effects that Alter the Composition of MPD; 6.3.3.5.1 Partial Evaporation; 6.3.3.5.2 Microbial Degradation; 6.3.3.6 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of MPD; 6.3.4 Heavy Petroleum Distillates; 6.3.4.1 Introduction; 6.3.4.2 Overall Composition of HPD; 6.3.4.3 Composition of Conventional HPD Compared to De-Aromatized HPD; 6.3.4.4 Composition of Conventional HPD Compared to Dewaxed HPD
N2  - Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris - A guideline for forensic experts - discusses, and in particular, illustrates the characteristics of different ignitable liquid products in detail. This guideline builds on the minimum criteria of the ignitable liquid classes defined in the internationally accepted standard ASTM E1618 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. It provides information on the origin of the characteristics of these ignitable liquid products and gives a summary of characteristics which should be demonstrated for a positive identification of the particular product class. Topics such as i) the term ignitable liquid, ii) relevant guidelines for fire debris analysis, iii) production processes of ignitable liquids, iv) fire debris analysis methods, and v) interferences in fire debris analysis, are briefly discussed as these topics are essential for the understanding of the identification and classification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris
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